Introduction Carbon neutrality refers to a state where the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere is equal to the amount of CO2 removed through various methods, resulting in a zero balance or a zero carbon footprint. The term “carbon footprint” is defined as the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an…

Concept Renewable energy refers to energy obtained from natural sources that have the ability to regenerate or replenish themselves at a faster rate than they are consumed. Sources like sunlight and wind constantly renew themselves, making them abundant and readily available. In contrast, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas are finite resources that…

Currently, approximately 789 million people worldwide lack access to electricity, and countless others suffer from an unreliable energy supply. This dire situation is further aggravated by soaring fuel prices, pushing millions into energy poverty and forcing households to make agonizing choices between heating and nourishment. Simultaneously, our planet is grappling with the urgent crisis of…

Introduction Power system protection is a specialized field within electrical power engineering that focuses on safeguarding electrical power systems from faults. Its primary goal is to disconnect faulty components from the rest of the network to maintain system stability. The aim of a protection scheme is to isolate only the affected components, allowing the remaining…

They facilitate the seamless transmission of substantial amounts of electricity at high voltage levels, ensuring minimal loss and maximizing efficiency.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it remains constant in the universe. However, energy can change its form and transfer between objects.

Increasing uncertainty due to factors such as renewable energy generation, market deregulation, and climate change. This poses an important question: How can we make the best decisions in the face of uncertainty?